Fluid-pressure engine.



N0. 769,24 7. PATENTED-SEPT. 6, 1904. s. w.- BRAINARD.

FLUID PRESSURE ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2, 1904.

HQ MODEL. 3 SHEBTSSHE'ET 1.

6 I A zim-mex No. 769,247. PATENTED SEPT, 6, 1904.

- s. W. BRAINARD. 1

FLUIDJPRESSURE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JANLZQ 1904;

N0 MODEL. 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES. I 1N VEN TOR.

U ITED STATES Patented September 6, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

LAND PNEUMATIC TOOL COMPANY,

RATION OF OHIO.

OFCLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPO- FLUID-PR-ESSUIRE ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 769,247, dated September 6, 1904.

Application filed January 2, 1904.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known thatI, SIDN Y W. BRAINARD, a citizen of theUnited States, and aresidentaof Cleveland, countyof Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fluid-Pressure Engines, of which the following is. a-specification, the principle of the invention being herein explained and the best mode in which I have contemplated applying that principle, so as to distinguish it from other inventions.

The annexed drawings and the following description set forth in detail one mechanical form embodying the invention, such detail construction being but one of various mechanical forms in which the principle of the in vention may-be used.

In saidannexed drawings, Figure I rep re-. sents an axial section of my improved portable engine, illustrating it as applied to a socalled pneumatic drill, Fig. II,a section on the line II II in Fig. I, the-section being taken on a line through the air-inlet and bent atan angle of one hundred and thirty-five degrees at the axis of the crank-shaft; Fig. III, a transverse section through the two lower cylinders, and Figs. IV, .V, VI, VII, VIII, and. IX transverse sections ofthe valves on the lines IV IV, V V; VI VI, VII VII, VIII- VIII, and IX IX in FigrII.

This enginemay be employed for any purpose where a small but powerful and speedy portable engine is required, and is, formstance, adapted for portable hoisting-machines and similar machines; but one particular purpose for which the engine is adapted is in a pneumatic portable drillingor boring tool, and the engine is illustrated as applied to a pneumatic drill.

The drill-casing 1 has a sector-shaped portion 2, in the center of which the drill-socket and force-feed are axially alined, and two pairs of cylinders 3, each pair arranged in parallel alinement and the two pairs standing at a right angle to each other and radial to a cylinder-sector-shaped portion 4, in which the crank-shaft is axially journaled. The portion 2 is shaped on a greater radius than the por- Serial No. 187,441. (No model.)

tion 4, which will be termed the crank-shaft casing, and'a socket 5 isformed at the middle of the large radius. portion and has ahandle 6 secured invit. A socket 7 is formed diametrically opposite this former socket and forms the inlet for the motive fluid, into which the supply-pipe 8 for the motive fluid is secured. Two supply-channels 9 branch from the supply-inlet and pass along the outer side of the crank-shaft casing and curve inward at the ends of: the same into two axial openings 10 and 11 at the ends of said casing.

For, the sake of convenience the end of the engine at which the drill-socket projects will be termed the lower end, and the end at which the force-feed projects will be termed the upper end, although, of course, either end may be up or down or in any other direction when the toolis in use, and the parts of the engine will be referred to in this relation. The ends ofthecylinders are preferably closed by screw-caps 12, and-a distributing-channel 13 extends from theclosed end of each cylinder along its outer side and with an incline toward the ends of the casing. Each channel opens into an axial opening at the end of the crank-shaft'casing, the end openings or ports of these channels standing at rightangles to each other, one pair in each axial opening. The cylinders are-single-acting andhave pistons 14 fitted to reciprocate .in them. These-pistons are of the trunk-piston type, and inthebottom of the. recess in each piston is formeda circular recess 15, having an annular groove'16 and terminating in a hemispherical recess 17. Each pitman 51 has a ball 18 at its endiwhich fits in the socket formed by the recesses, and a split ring 19 is sprung into the annular groove of the recess and is of sufiicient thickness and diameter to catch in the groove and to fit around the ball and retain the same in its socket.

A crank-shaft having two cranks 20 projecting diametrically opposite each other is journaled with its trunnions 21 and 22 in bushings 23 and 24, secured in the axial openings of the crank-shaft casing. The pitmen of two cylinders in the same transverse plane are pivoted to each crank, so that the pistons in each pair of cylinders in the same longitudinal plane will always act-diametrically opposed and the pistons in each pair of cylinders in the same transverse plane will always act one on the quarter to the other. The trunnions of the crank-shaft act as valves for the cylinders, one trunnion for each pair of cylinders in the same transverse plane, and the axial openings of the crank-shaft casing and the bushings serve as valve-casings or valve-blocks. The

lower trunnion has an extension 25, upon which a pinion 26 is keyed, and this pinion meshes with a cog-wheel 27, keyed upon the drill-socket 28. This drill-socket is journaled in a bearing 29, axial to the entire casing and formed in a gear-casing 30, secured over the lower end of the main casing. This gear-casing is also formed with a bearing 31, in which the end of the crank-shaft is journaled. Above the cog-wheel the drill-socket is formed with a shoulder 32 and a shank 33. An annular grooved ring 3 1 is placed upon this shoulder, and balls 35 are arranged in the groove of this ring. An annular grooved ring 36 bears from above against the balls, this forming a ball-race, and the lower flanged end of a tubular screw37 bears against this upper side of the ball-race. This screw is keyed into an axial boss 38, which forms a part of the main casing. An internally-screw-threaded jacksleeve 39 fits upon the screw and turns in an axial boss 40 in the upper head of the main casing and is provided with radial handles 41 for turning it or other suitable means, such as a hand-wheel, and has a center point 42 at its outer end. This jack sleeve and screw serve to feed the drill into the work when the engine is used for a force-feed drill or boringtool, the center point being brought to bear against a so-called old man or other suitable abutment. The trunnion-valves are each formed with a live-air recess 43 in one side and with an exhaust-recess MC in the opposite side. The recesses are of substantially the same length; but the exhaust-recesses are preferably of greater circumferential widths than the live-air recesses or feed-recesses. Each valve-bushing has a port 45, which registers with the end of the supply-channels and with internal annular live-air or feed ports 46, which ports are near the inner ends of the valvebushings and register with the inner ends of the feed-recesses in the valves. An annular exhaust-port 47 is formed in the interior of each bushing near its outer end and communicates with the atmosphere through an exhaust-port 4L8 in the casing. These annular exhaust-ports register with the outer ends of the exhaust-recesses of the valves. The valve-bushings are each formed with two circumferential ports 49 and 50, which ports extend through the valve-bushing, and each of which ports registers with a distributing-channel 13, one in a plane above the other and each port extending about one hundred and eleven and one-half degrees of the circumference. These distributing-ports register with the outer ends of the feed-recesses in the valves and with the inner ends of the exhaust-recesses in the same. The feed-recesses and exhaust-recesses in the valves are at all times in communication with, respectively, the supply-ports and exhaustports in the valve-bushings, and when during the revolution of the crank-shaft and valve said ports are brought to successively register with the segmental distributing-ports which lead to the cylinders live air is admitted to such cylinders or exhaust-air exhausted from the same. By reference to Figs. IV, V, VII and VIII it will be seen that the distributingport in the bushing of one pair of cylinders in the same transverse plane overlaps the port of the other cylinder, so that such cylinder will begin to take air or exhaust air before the other cylinder of the pair finishes taking or exhausting air. This arrangement of the ports admits of the pistons and pitmen of these two cylinders acting upon the same crank and in lines at a right angle to each other. By admitting the motive fluid through the supply-channels the fluid will he successively distributed and exhausted to and from the cylinders, so that the crank-shaft will he continuously revolved without any dead-centers, there being at all times at least one piston moving by air-pressure and acting upon a crank to push it around.

By forming the trunnions of the crank-shaft into valves for the cylinders the construction of the engine is very much simplified. Solid and substantial bearings are provided for the crank-shaft, and the supply-channels between the outer ends of the cylinders and the valvechambers are short and direct, as each valve and valve-chamber controls the supply and exhaust to and from a pair of cylinders arranged in the same transverse plane and in a plane only slightly removed from the plane of the pair of cylinders. 'The arrangement of the parts of the engine admits of said parts being perfectly balanced around the longitudinal axis of the engine structure, which is of great advantage in an engine of this character, and particularly when the engine is applied in the form illustrated in the drawings to a portable drilling or boring machine which is either manipulated by being held by the diametrically-opposed handles or is only axially supported between the work and the old man or other abutment by the drill-hit and the center-point of the screw-feed. The construction and arrangement of the cylin ders, crank-shaft, and valves admits of great compactness of construction pro 'iortionate to power and speed, which is also an in'iportant advantage in a portable engine of this character. The upper valve-bushing and the axial opening in which it tits are tapered, so

as to admit ofthe crank-shaft being inserted into the casing through the opening and the bushing to be then fitted in the opening and on the trunnion of the crank-shaft. By the ball-and-socket joint between the pistons and the pitmen a free joint is made, admitting of the piston turning in the cylinders without.

twisting the pitmen and causing them to wear unevenly at the crank-pin, and the split ring admits of the pistons being readily connected to and disconnected from the pitmen by simply a quick push or pull upon the piston from the end of the cylinder without the need of removingany pivot-pins or other hinge connection between the parts.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employed for the mode herein explained. Change may therefore be made as regards the mechanism thus disclosed, provided the principles of construction set forth respectively in the following claims are employed.

I therefore particularly point out and dis,

tinctly claim as my invention- 1. In a portable fluid-pressure engine, the combination of a plurality of cylinders arranged in sets in the same transverse plane and each cylinder of a set in the same radial plane as a cylinder of the adjoining set, pistons and pitmen in the cylinders, a crankshaft having the pitmen of each set pivoted to one crank and having journals formed into valves, one valve for each set, and journalbearmgs havlng ports and passages for the motive fluid and controlled by the journalvalves.

2. In a portable fluid-pressure engine, the combination with cylinders and pistons therein arranged in parallel planes, of a crank-shaft having the pistons connected thereto and havlng its journal-bearings formed into rotary valves for the cylinders, each valve controlling the cylinders in one plane.

3. In a portable fluid-pressure engine, the combination of sets of radially-arranged cylinders, pistons and connecting-rods in the same, a crank-shaft having the rods of one set of cylinders pivoted to each crank and having its journals formed into valves, and journal-bearings for said shaft and having ports and passages for the motive fluid controlled by said valves. I

4. In a portable fluid-pressure engine, the combination of cylinders arranged in radial longitudinal planes at a right angle to each other and each set of two cylinders arranged in substantially the same plane, pistons and connecting-rods. in the cylinders, a crank-shaft having the rods of each pair of cylinders pivoted to each crank and having journals formed with an inlet-recess in one side and an outletrecess in the other side, and journal-bearingsv and pitmen in said cylinders, two journalbearings having each an annular inlet-port and an annular exhaust-port and two distributingports communicating with the cylinders, and a crank-shaft formed with two cranks having each a pair of connecting-rods pivoted to it and formed with trunnions journaled in the bearings and each having an inlet-recess in one side and an outlet-recess in the opposite side, said recesses having each one end registering with the distributing-ports and having the other. end respectively permanently communicating with the inlet and with the exhaustport.

6. In a portable fluid-pressure engine, the combination with single-acting cylinders and pistons therein, said. cylinders arranged in pairs at substantially a right angle to each other and each cylinder of a pair arranged in the same radial plane as the cylinder of the adjoining pair, of a crank-shaft having diametrically-opposed cranks-one for each pair of cylindersand having its journal e bearings formed into rotary valves, one valve for each pair of cylinders, ports and passages for the motive fluid to and from said cylinders and valves, and connecting-rods between the pistons and the cranks. v

7 In a portable fluid-pressure engine, the combination of two pairs of single-acting cylinders arranged in radial longitudinal planes at substantially a right angle to each other and each pair in substantially the same transverse plane,'pisto ns and connecting-rods in said cylinders, a crank-shaft having two diametrically-opposed cranks and having the connecting-rods of each pair of cylinders pivoted to each crank and having trunnions at its ends formed into rotary valves,and portsand passages for the motive fluid connecting said valves-and cylinders and controlled by the valves.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing to be my invention I have hereunto set my hand this 14th day of December, A. D, 1903.

SIDNEY W. BRAINARD.

VVitn esses:

WM. SE HER,

C. E. JoHNsoN, Jr. 

